Hello My father runs a small business where only the two of us work. There’s a lot to do, and I don’t get any days off or vacation. I’ve tried to convince him that we need to hire at least one more...

Don't tell him what to do. Tell him you understand his concerns about hiring others. Explain what you need, ie more work-life balance so that you... can continue to work with him, not burn out etc, enjoy the business. Therefore, ask him to give it some thought, tell him you trust him to come up with some possible ideas that would work for both of you.
If you show him respect, and give him space, he may surprise you. more

I work as a nanny for a family with a young girl, and I really enjoy it. However, there has been some tension recently due to differing political views with her parents. I’ve been trying to minimize...

I learnt to refrain from discussing regarding politics or religion in the workplace. The tricky thing is that this is your workplace... it's also... their home, where they might talk as they please. HOWEVER, even when I feel strongly that my views are best, my opinion is my business and other people's views are their business, not mine. My job is not to change others minds. That last sentence is true and will make life easier! It is my job to get along with people who share space with me but are different from me. That's good manners. That requires effort! If you decide to stay, this might be a golden opportunity for you to study up & learn new communication skills, ie how to get REALLY GOOD at distractions, changing topic, steering or guiding conversation & maintaining boundaries about what you wish to discuss or not. Educate yourself in generating good conversation, where you are an interested listener & articulate communicator. Practice your new attitude and skills on them! :-) more