Role Overview:

We believe our people are our greatest asset, and our HR philosophy is centred on managing resourceful humans rather than merely managing human resources. We value empathy, collaboration, diversity, and innovation, and we aim to create an inclusive and inspiring workplace.

We are seeking a Human Resources Intern who will work directly with the CEO and support all Synnefa... departments in managing HR matters. This role is ideal for a recent graduate in HR looking to join a dynamic, innovative, and resourceful team and is passionate about fostering a collaborative and diverse work environment. The HR Intern will play a critical role in ensuring that Synnefa continues to attract, retain, and grow top talent while maintaining a strong, people-focused culture.

Key Responsibilities:

Talent Acquisition and Retention


Assist the CEO in developing recruitment strategies to attract top talent aligned with Synnefa's mission and values.
Support the recruitment process, including conducting background and reference checks as needed.
Collaborate with departments to identify hiring needs and support end-to-end recruitment processes, including job postings, interviews, and onboarding.
Research and implement innovative talent retention strategies to build a resilient and engaged team.


Employee Engagement and Culture


Organize initiatives and programs to promote collaboration, empathy, and diversity across all departments.
Conduct employee surveys and hold recognition activities to foster a positive workplace culture.
Resolve employee conflicts and provide advisory support on employee relations.


HR Policy and Compliance


Assist in drafting and updating HR policies, employee handbooks, and procedures in line with Synnefa’s ethos.
Ensure compliance with labor laws, employment equity laws, and company policies.
Create, maintain, and update employee records, both physical and digital copies.


Performance Management


Collaborate with the CEO to design and implement performance review processes that emphasize growth and development.
Provide support in creating clear job descriptions, performance metrics, and development plans for team members.


Learning and Development


Research and recommend learning opportunities and workshops to enhance team skills and competencies.
Develop innovative strategies for employee training and career development.


HR Operations and Support


Manage HR calendars, including scheduling interviews and meetings.
Process payroll, resolve any issues that arise, and address salary-related questions.
Process termination paperwork and perform exit interviews.
Help with new employee onboarding, including managing benefits and ensuring a smooth transition.
Provide assistance with all other internal and external HR requests as needed.


General HR Support


Maintain organized and confidential personnel records.
Support the CEO in hiring decisions and processes, adhering to the "hire slowly, fire quickly" philosophy.
Assist in managing day-to-day HR operations and act as a point of contact for employee inquiries.


Remuneration:


Monthly Gross Salary: KES.20,000-25,000


Logistics:


Currently, we expect all staff to be in our office or in the fields working with farmers from Monday to Friday, with shifts on Saturday.


Benefits at Synnefa:


Medical Cover for both Inpatient and Outpatient.
Travel and field meal expenses reimbursement.
Cash Awards and Prizes called Bonuslys (Our team loves it!).
Flexible work hours as long as you meet your minimum 40 hours per week.
No corporate rigidity; a fluid environment with informal working relationships to encourage collaboration and teamwork.
21 days of Paid Time Off every year.
Free Unlimited Coffee, Tea, and Cocoa with refreshments at work to help you focus on your goals.


Qualifications and Skills:


Recently completed a degree/diploma in Human Resources, Business Administration, or a related field.
Being a member of the Institute of Human Resources Management or currently enrolled will be a plus.
Passion for fostering collaboration, diversity, and inclusion.
Tech-savvy with proficiency in HR software, tools, and MS Office Suite.
Strong organizational skills and attention to detail.
Empathy and a people-first mindset.
 more
  • Human Resources
  • HR
We are seeking six (6) enthusiastic and results-driven Sales Promoters to be part of our 2025 Go-to-Market strategy. This role is crucial in driving the adoption of FarmCloud by sourcing, training, and mapping farmers onto the platform. The Sales Promoters will serve as the first point of contact with farmers, ensuring they are well-equipped to benefit from FarmCloud’s services while generating... high-quality leads for the sales team to upsell our ecosystem of Smart Greenhouses, FarmShield Sensors and Smart Drip Kits.

Key Responsibilities:

Farmer Sourcing:


Identify and engage with farmers within the assigned territory.
Build and maintain strong relationships with farming communities and local influencers.


Training and Onboarding:


Conduct training sessions to educate farmers on the benefits and usage of FarmCloud.
Assist farmers in setting up their accounts and mapping their profiles to the platform.


Lead Qualification:


Filter and assess farmers to identify potential high-quality leads based on predefined criteria.
Document and forward qualified leads to the sales team for follow-up and conversion.


Market Intelligence:


Gather feedback from farmers about their needs, challenges, and suggestions.
Share insights with the team to improve FarmCloud’s offerings and outreach strategies.


Promotion Activities:


Organize and participate in local events, workshops, and field days to promote FarmCloud.
Ensure visibility of FarmCloud’s branding and value proposition in the assigned area.


Reporting:


Maintain accurate records of farmer interactions, training sessions, and leads generated.
Submit regular progress reports to the Technical Sales Lead.


Key Performance Indicators (KPIs):


Number of farmers sourced and onboarded to FarmCloud.
Quality and conversion rate of leads generated.
Frequency and effectiveness of training sessions conducted.
Farmer satisfaction and engagement levels.


Qualifications and Skills:

Educational Background:


High school certificate or equivalent; a diploma or degree in agriculture, business, IT or a related field is a plus.


Experience:


Prior experience in agricultural outreach, sales, or training roles is preferred.
Experience working with farming communities and an understanding of their needs.


Skills and Competencies:


Strong interpersonal and communication skills.
Ability to explain technical concepts in a simple and relatable manner.
Proactive, self-motivated, and results-oriented mindset.
Familiarity with technology and mobile applications (FarmCloud experience is a bonus).
Good presentation skills for group sessions.
Fluency in [local language(s)] and English.


Other Requirements:


Willingness to travel extensively within the assigned territory.
Access to reliable transportation.
Comfortable working in rural settings and interacting with diverse groups.
 more
  • Agriculture
  • Agro-Allied
Position Overview:
As a Hardware Engineer Attaché at Synnefa, you will have the unique opportunity to work closely with our engineering team, gaining practical experience in the production and field maintenance of our IoT devices. This role is designed to provide you with valuable insights into hardware engineering in a startup environment while contributing to the development of cutting-edge... technology.
Key Responsibilities:

Production Support:

Collaborate with the production team to assist in the assembly and testing of IoT devices.
Learn and apply hardware quality control processes to ensure product reliability.
Participate in the optimization of production processes for efficiency and quality.


Field Maintenance Assistance:

Support field maintenance activities by assisting in device inspections, troubleshooting, and component replacement.
Work alongside experienced engineers to diagnose and resolve hardware-related issues in the field.
Learn and adhere to field maintenance protocols and safety procedures.


Hardware Testing:

Assist in hardware testing procedures to validate product performance and functionality.
Gain hands-on experience with testing tools and methodologies.
Collaborate with the engineering team to document and report test results.


Documentation and Reporting:

Contribute to maintaining documentation related to hardware designs, production processes, and field maintenance procedures.
Assist in creating reports and documentation for internal and external stakeholders.



Qualifications:

Currently pursuing a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, or a related field.
Passion for hardware engineering and IoT technology.
Strong interest in gaining hands-on experience in production and field maintenance.
Basic understanding of hardware design concepts and electronics.
Excellent communication skills and the ability to work effectively in a team.
Enthusiasm for learning and a proactive attitude.
Willingness to adapt to a fast-paced startup environment and take on new challenges.
 more
  • Engineering
  • Technical
Job Summary:
We are seeking a dedicated and skilled Field Technician to join our team. The primary role of this position is to install and maintain solar-powered IoT devices across the county. The ideal candidate will have a strong technical background, excellent problem-solving skills, and the ability to work independently in the field. Performance will be measured based on response time to... faults, delivery timelines for new installations, and the reliability of installed devices.
Key Responsibilities:
Installation:



Perform site assessments to determine the optimal placement of devices.
Install devices according to technical specifications.
Ensure all installations are completed within the specified timelines.

Maintenance:

Conduct regular maintenance checks on installed devices to ensure they are functioning optimally.
Diagnose and repair faults in a timely manner.
Keep detailed records of maintenance activities and device performance.

Customer Service:

Provide technical support to users of the devices.
Regular user training on use and maintenance of the devices.

Performance Monitoring:

Monitor reliability of installed devices.
Compile and analyze data to identify trends and areas for improvement.
Report performance metrics regularly.

Qualifications:

Diploma in Mechatronics Engineering, Electrical Engineering or equivalent
Proven experience in the installation and maintenance of electronic devices or similar technology.
Experience with solar-powered systems is a plus.
Strong technical and troubleshooting skills.
Ability to read and interpret technical manuals and diagrams.
Excellent communication and customer service skills.
Ability to work independently and manage time effectively.

Other Requirements:

Valid driver’s licence.
Willingness to travel within Kenya as needed.
Ability to work outdoors in various weather conditions.
 more
  • Engineering
  • Technical
Role Summary: 
We are seeking a dynamic and driven Technical Sales Lead to join our team. This role is critical in driving the adoption and sales of our advanced agricultural technologies, including smart greenhouses, IoT sensors, and the FarmCloud platform. The ideal candidate will have a strong technical background, excellent sales skills, and a passion for sustainable agriculture. You will be... expected to get up to speed quickly with minimal training and work autonomously.
Key Responsibilities:

Sales Strategy Development: Develop and implement effective sales strategies to drive the adoption of Synnefa’s products and services.
Customer Engagement: Engage with potential customers to understand their needs and challenges, demonstrating how Synnefa’s solutions can address their specific requirements.
Technical Expertise: Provide in-depth technical knowledge about Synnefa’s products, including smart greenhouses, FarmShield IoT sensors, and the FarmCloud platform. Conduct product demonstrations and technical presentations.
Solution Customization: Work closely with clients to customize solutions that fit their unique agricultural needs. Provide technical support and guidance throughout the sales process.
Market Analysis: Conduct market research to identify new opportunities and stay updated on industry trends and competitor activities.
Partnership Development: Build and maintain strong relationships with key stakeholders, including farmers, cooperatives, agronomists, and industry partners.
Feedback Loop: Gather and relay customer feedback to the product development team to inform future product enhancements and innovations.
Reporting: Prepare and present regular sales reports, forecasts, and market analysis to the senior management team.

Qualifications:

Education: Bachelor’s degree in Agriculture, Agronomy, Agricultural Engineering, Business, or a related field.
Experience: About 1-2 years of experience in technical sales, preferably in the agricultural technology sector.
Technical Skills: Strong technical knowledge of agricultural technologies, including IoT devices, software platforms, and smart farming solutions. Experience with Hubspot CRM, Google Sheets, Slides, Docs, and Slack is essential.
Sales Skills: Proven track record of meeting or exceeding sales targets. Excellent negotiation, presentation, and communication skills.
Customer Focus: Ability to understand and address customer needs, providing tailored solutions and building lasting relationships.
Autonomy: Ability to work independently with minimal supervision, quickly get up to speed, and take initiative in driving sales efforts.
Travel: Willingness to travel frequently to meet with clients, conduct field demonstrations, and attend industry events.
Soft Skills: Strong problem-solving skills, self-motivated, and ability to work independently as well as part of a team.
 more
  • Agriculture
  • Agro-Allied
About the Role:
We are seeking a dedicated and energetic Sales Agronomist with a passion for agriculture and technology. This role involves primarily fieldwork, including regular travel across Kenya. The candidate will be responsible for promoting and selling our smart greenhouses to farmers and agribusinesses, providing agronomic advice, and building strong customer relationships. A focus on... highvalue horticultural crops such as herbs, tomatoes, capsicums, onions, and watermelon is key.
Primary Responsibilities:

 Drive sales of our smart greenhouses to midsize farmers and export agribusinesses by targeting highvalue clients, building relationships with them and organising meetings to introduce them to our smart greenhouses before moving in to close and successfully handing them over to customer service.
 Provide expert agronomic advice, focusing on highvalue crops and maximising yield.
 Deliver effective training to farmers on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). You should love being in the field with farmers and clients.
 Interpret soil and water test results, making recommendations on optimal farming inputs.
 Create and nurture deals on Hubspot CRM looking at data from Marketing and Customer Service on leads.
 Develop strong, longterm relationships with customers, ensuring high levels of satisfaction and repeat business.
 Collaborate effectively with all internal stakeholders and provide timely reports to support business decisionmaking.
 Ability to be fully autonomous, we are a lean team so won't be able to train you, ideally you should be able to come in and hit the road running.

Required Qualifications:

 A bachelor's degree in Agriculture, Horticulture, Agronomy, or a related field from a recognised university.
 Minimum of 2-5 years of experience in Sales in an Agtech, Agribusiness or Manufacturing
 Good experience in using CRMs especially Hubspot as this will be your main work tool.

Skills and Competencies:

 Excellent communication, report writing, and presentation skills.
 Proven experience in farmer mobilisation, training, and policy development.
 Ability to interpret and analyse farming data to optimise farm outputs.
 Proficiency with Microsoft Office/Excel and Google Docs/Sheets.
 Awareness of emerging trends in the AgTech space.
Experience with CRMs will be a must.
 more
  • Agriculture
  • Agro-Allied
Role Overview

As a GIS Analyst, you will be instrumental in integrating Earth Observation Technologies into Synnefa's products. Your work will directly contribute to improving crop yields, providing early warnings to farmers, and enhancing our crop advisory services.

Responsibilities

Integration of Earth Observation Technologies: Collaborate with product and engineering teams to integrate... Satellite Imagery and Weather Information into FarmCloud, enhancing its capabilities.
Spatial Analysis for Yield Improvement: Utilize GIS tools to analyze spatial data, identify opportunities for yield improvement, and provide actionable insights to farmers.
Early Warning Systems Development: Design and implement early warning systems using GIS and remote sensing, alerting farmers to potential risks such as weather events or pest infestations.
Enhance Crop Advisory Services: Apply GIS expertise to enhance our crop advisory services, providing farmers with timely, relevant, and personalized guidance.
Data Management: Collect, process, and manage spatial data from various sources, ensuring accuracy, consistency, and compliance with relevant standards.
Mapping and Visualization: Create compelling maps, charts, and visualizations to communicate findings to both technical and non-technical audiences.
Collaboration and Communication: Work closely with cross-functional teams, including agronomists, data scientists, and product managers, to align GIS solutions with broader company goals.
Technology Evaluation and Adoption: Stay up-to-date with the latest GIS trends, tools, and technologies, evaluating and adopting new solutions as needed to enhance Synnefa's offerings.
Training and Support: Provide training and support to other team members, clients, or stakeholders on GIS technology and best practices.
Project Management: Lead or contribute to GIS-related projects, ensuring timely delivery, quality, and alignment with Synnefa's mission and values.

Qualifications:
Education:

Bachelor's or Master's degree in Geography, GIS, Environmental Science, Agricultural Technology, or a related field.

GIS Experience:

Significant professional experience working with GIS, preferably in agriculture or a related field, with a strong understanding of spatial analysis, mapping, and visualization techniques.
Remote Sensing and Earth Observation Technologies: Familiarity with remote sensing tools and Earth Observation Technologies, including satellite imagery and weather data integration.

Technical Skills:

Proficiency in GIS software such as ArcGIS, QGIS, or equivalent, and experience with programming languages like Python or React.

Analytical Skills:

Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, with the ability to translate complex spatial data into actionable insights for yield improvement, early warnings, and crop advisory services.

Project Management:

Experience in managing GIS-related projects, ensuring timely delivery, quality, and alignment with organizational goals.

Collaboration and Communication:

Excellent communication and collaboration abilities, with experience working in cross-functional teams and communicating complex GIS concepts to non-technical stakeholders.

Agricultural Knowledge:

Understanding of agricultural practices, crop cycles, soil science, and sustainability principles is a plus.
Continuous Learning: Commitment to staying up-to-date with the latest GIS trends, tools, and technologies, and willingness to pursue relevant certifications or training.

Passion for Impact:

A genuine interest in leveraging technology to positively impact agriculture, aligned with Synnefa's mission and values.

Logistics:

Currently, we expect all staff to be in our office or in the fields working with farmers from Monday to Friday.
 more
  • Agriculture
  • Agro-Allied
Job Summary:

As our Sales Engineer, you will serve as a key link between our engineering team and our customers. You will understand the technical intricacies of our FarmShield IoT Sensors and communicate their value effectively to our clients, while also gathering feedback to relay back to our engineering and product development teams.

Responsibilities:

Nurture and explain the features... and benefits of our FarmShield IoT Sensors to prospective customers, demonstrating how our technology can enhance their farming practices.
Engage directly with farmers and agricultural businesses, presenting technical information in an accessible manner and closing deals to drive revenue.
Work closely with the CEO to design and implement effective sales strategies.
Collect customer feedback and share insights with our technology development teams to contribute to product development.
Support the installation and deployment process of our FarmShield IoT sensors, providing technical assistance and troubleshooting as required.
Develop and maintain deep technical knowledge about our product and the competitive landscape.
Prepare and deliver technical presentations and demos to clients, at industry events and trade shows.
Collaborate with the customer service team to resolve post-sale technical issues and ensure customer satisfaction.

Requirements:

A Bachelor's degree in Engineering, Computer Science, Agri-Business, or a related field.
Proven experience as a Sales Engineer or in a similar customer-facing role in the AgTech or IoT industry.
Proficiency in IoT technologies and a basic understanding of agricultural practices.
Excellent verbal and written communication skills with the ability to explain complex technical concepts in a clear and concise manner.
Ability to build strong customer relationships and effectively identify and meet customer needs.
Willingness to travel frequently for client farm meetings, trade shows, and other events.
Knowledge of CRM software and Microsoft Office Suite.
Strong problem-solving skills and the ability to work under pressure.
 more
  • Engineering
  • Technical
Purpose of the role

We are looking for a Back End Developer to produce scalable software solutions. You’ll be part of a cross-functional team that’s responsible for the full software development life cycle, from conception to deployment. As a Back End Developer, you should be comfortable around both front-end and back-end coding languages, development frameworks and third-party libraries. You... should also be a team player with a knack for visual design and utility. If you’re also familiar with Agile methodologies and other software development technologies that enhance organizational technology stack, we’d like to meet you.

THE STACK

Our application is built using Jinja2, Javascript and the React framework for front-end and Python and the Flask framework for the back-end. We use PostgreSQL for our database, Github for version control and Clickup for project management. Our application is hosted on Amazon Web Services(AWS).

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Work with development teams to ideate software solutions
Design client-side and server-side architecture
Build the front-end of applications through appealing visual design
Develop and manage well-functioning databases and applications
Maintain and upgrade software following deployment.
Integrate 3rd party APIs to the application.
Deploy code from GitHub to AWS EC2 using AWS CodeDeploy Service.
Deployment of updates and fixes.
Version Control
Write effective APIs and evelop tools and applications by producing clean, efficient code
Test software to ensure responsiveness and efficiency
Troubleshoot, review, debug and upgrade software
Create security and data protection settings
Build features and applications with a mobile responsive design
Write technical documentation and make technical decisions following best practices
Identify, prioritize and execute tasks in the software development life cycle

Minimum Skills and Requirements

Experience as a Back End Developer or similar role
Knowledge of multiple front-end and back-end languages and libraries (e.g HTML, CSS, Javascript, XML, jQuery, Jinja2) and the React framework.
Proficiency in Python language and the Flask framework.
Experience developing desktop and mobile applications
Familiarity with PostgreSQL database, AWS RDS and web servers (e.g. Apache).
Familiarity with AWS CodeDeploy Service for deploying from Github to AWS EC2.
Familiarity with Docker and how to use it to deploy applications.
Experience with version control systems such as Git and be familiar with agile methodologies.
Excellent communication and teamwork skills
Great attention to detail and organizational skills.
An analytical mind
Degree in Computer Science, IT, Engineering, Statistics or relevant field
 more
  • ICT
  • Computer
About You:
The Sales Agronomist shall be tasked with researching, analysing and documenting the Best Agricultural Practises in the market, training farmers on farm management dashboard utilisation and optimization to improve their crop yield and outcomes. They shall act as a focal point for farmer support, do consistent farm visits to monitor the progress of crops and advise on any challenges... concerning cultivation and sustainable crop practises.
Purpose of the role
The holder of the role will act as an advisor to farmers and conduct soil experiments and make recommendations on the best possible crop to grow while utilising their extensive knowledge on agriculture and crop science. They will be charged with crop data collection and interpretation with the aim to offer well informed recommendations. The aim of the interaction with the farmers is to build good working relationships by offering agricultural support while creating a great customer experience while focusing on business development and growth. The goal is improvement of crop outcomes and assisting farmers realise a good return on farm investment by optimal use of IOT devices and the farm management dashboard.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

Provide appropriate and targeted technical advice or assistance to farmers with training on Good Agricultural Practises (GAP) to maximise yield and ensure the quality of produce is not compromised.
Develop and apply training methods and curriculum appropriate to the needs of the midsize farmers and evaluation of their training effectiveness
Communicate effectively about the company's farmer development model, plans etc. to farmers, project stakeholders and the wider public in order to advance its vision and mission.
Provide great after-sales support to farmers and practise a sound customer retention strategy
Keep updated records, prepare reports that pertain to field work and interpret the same to come up with case-appropriate recommendations
Ensure strong communication and coordination with all stakeholders as well as providing appropriate reports to drive business reporting
Provide support to farmer/farmer groups on the most appropriate climate integration strategies, which enhance income of producers and agribusinesses
Interpret soil and water test results to farmers and advise accordingly on the best farm inputs for use on the farm and crops.
Create and build sales distribution channels by partnering with agro dealers and agro enterprises across Kenya.
Manage and oversee sales agents across Kenya while measuring and reporting on monthly targets versus sales acquired.

EDUCATION REQUIRED:
Minimum Qualifications;

A bachelor’s degree in Agriculture, Horticulture, Agronomy or related field from a recognized university. A masters in the same field would be an added advantage
2-5 years of experience in Agronomy
At least 3 years of interaction with Conservation and Climate-Smart agriculture
Experience working with farmers and demonstrated experience as an advisor on agronomy, sustainable agriculture and best farming practice
Experience with working with farmers, Agrodealers and Agroenterprises
Experience in Global.G.A.P Certification and Ken G.A.P Standards is desirable

Additional Skills and Competencies

Excellent communication, report writing and presentation skills.
Awareness of emerging trends in the Ag Tech space.
Proven field experience in farmer mobilisation, training, policy development and implementation.
Outstanding communication and interpersonal abilities
Excellent organisational, problem solving and leadership skills.
Ability to travel on a regular basis.
Ability to interpret and analyse farming data from IoT devices and online farm management software in order to advise and optimise farm outputs.
Proficiency with Microsoft Office/Excel and Google Docs/Sheets is mandatory.
Experience working for leading agriculture companies would be a plus.
 more
  • Agriculture
  • Agro-Allied
Purpose of the role
The Greenhouse Technician will supervise and manage all the projects of the company by managing the technicians on various jobs, or installation of the same. They shall be involved in client management up to completion stages of the projects at hand. They shall be present at all installations to work on or supervise ongoing construction and ensure good quality construction... outcomes at all times.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

Construction of Metallic Greenhouses, Nethouses and any Customized Metallic Structures
Conducting Pre-site Surveys before construction of the above units, collecting soil and water samples upon request from the contractor
Supplying the Contractor with a Bill of Quantities on request and fabrication according to the recommended standards
Bed formation in the respective structure and laying of drip lines for the above structures
Consult with the Technology Development department in case of any changes and variations in the design of the structures
Supervises and performs scheduled and unscheduled maintenance on Synnefa smart greenhouses in accordance with Synnefa’s statutory requirements, policy and Standard Operating Procedures.
Collaborates with Technology Development team members and Sales Team to discuss upcoming work assignments; and carries out assignments based on his own skills and experience.
Managing Greenhouse construction project progress and adapt to work as required
Manage the installation roster and ensure adequate skill and resources are available to cover all elements of greenhouses service and maintenance assigned within company timeframes
Collaborate with your team leader or stakeholders to determine effective solutions through clear communication
Create a harmonious working relationship with Synnefa’s clients through effective service delivery
Ensuring brand consistency throughout various installation projects by maintaining quality standards guidelines and design standards.

Minimum Qualifications;

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering or equivalent
At least 3+ years of relevant experience as a technician
Knowledge of irrigation and greenhouse operations and management.
Ability to operate, maintain, and perform basic repairs to greenhouse machinery and equipment.
Good communication skills with the ability to form and maintain good relationships internally and externally
Confidence and willingness to challenge and improve current processes, enthusiasm for innovation and diligence
Strong organizational skills , effectively cope with change, handle risk and uncertainty
 more
  • Engineering
  • Technical